Double Materiality | Fiegenbaum Solutions

Water Risk Assessment: Safeguarding Business Resilience and Sustainability

Written by Johannes Fiegenbaum | 2/10/25 1:42 PM

In an era where water scarcity and climate change are making headlines, companies can no longer afford to take water for granted. From factories to farms, understanding your water risk is not just about compliance: It's about resilience. Let’s dive into what you need to know to keep your operations afloat.

Table of Contents

This article introduces the significance of a water risk assessment, the available tools for conducting assessments, and provides valuable insights to help businesses make informed decisions in mitigating water-related risks. Whether you're just starting to explore water risk assessment or seeking to enhance your current strategies, this guide is tailored to meet your needs and empower your business to navigate water risk effectively.

The Significance of Water Risk Assessment

Water risk assessment is a crucial process for businesses to understand and manage potential water-related risks. With the increasing concerns about water scarcity, pollution, and climate change, businesses are facing growing pressure to address water-related risks in their operations. Understanding the significance of water risk assessment is essential for businesses to make informed decisions and ensure the sustainability of their operations. For a more general overview on climate risks, take a look at my article on Navigating Climate Risk: A Comprehensive Guide to Climate Risk Assessment and Management for Businesses.

Importance of Water Risk Assessment for Businesses

Water risk assessment allows businesses to identify and evaluate potential threats to their operations related to water availability, quality, and regulatory compliance. By conducting a comprehensive assessment, businesses can proactively address water-related risks and minimise potential impacts on their operations. Water risks can generally be categorised into three main types:

  • Physical Risks: Related to water scarcity, flooding, and pollution affecting business operations.
  • Regulatory Risks: Increasingly stringent environmental laws and water regulations that businesses must comply with.
  • Reputational Risks: Negative public perception due to unsustainable water use or pollution incidents.

Impact of Water-Related Risks on Business Operations

Water-related risks can have significant impacts on business operations, including:

  • Disruptions in water supply affecting production.
  • Increased operational costs due to rising water prices or treatment needs.
  • Regulatory fines and legal liabilities for non-compliance.
  • Reputational damage leading to loss of consumer trust and investor confidence. Businesses that fail to manage water risks could face greenwashing accusations, which this article explores.
  • Supply chain vulnerabilities, particularly in water-stressed regions.

Regulatory and Compliance Considerations Related to Water Risk Assessment

Regulatory requirements related to water management and environmental protection are becoming increasingly stringent. Businesses need to comply with various regulations and standards related to water use, discharge, and quality. Conducting water risk assessments helps businesses ensure compliance with relevant regulations and avoid potential legal consequences. It also positions companies to better anticipate future policy changes that may impact their operations. Water risk assessment aligns with ESG reporting and double materiality requirements.

Conducting Water Risk Assessment

Key Steps in Conducting a Water Risk Assessment

  1. Site Water Balance: Understand the supply and use of water at each site.
  2. Physical Scope: Evaluate the site's watersheds and surrounding environment.
  3. Risk Indicators: Use frameworks like WRI Aqueduct or WWF Water Risk Filter to assess physical indicators such as scarcity, flooding, and water quality issues, along with reputational and regulatory risks.
  4. GIS Spatial Analysis: Extract risk indicators using geographic information systems (GIS) for precise location-based data.
  5. Site-Specific Review: Cross-check results with local challenges through desktop research.
  6. Climate Change Effects: Consider impacts on hydrologic cycles and supply disruptions.

Tools and Methodologies for Conducting Water Risk Assessment

There are several tools and methodologies available for businesses to conduct water risk assessments. These include:

  • WRI Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas: A tool that provides data on current and future water risks globally.
  • WWF’s Water Risk Filter: Assists businesses in assessing risks across supply chains.
  • WBCSD’s India Water Tool: A specialised tool for businesses operating in India to evaluate water risks.
  • Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models: Used for predictive analysis of water risk factors.
  • GIS-Based Spatial Analysis: Helps in mapping and visualising water risks geographically.

It could also be beneficial to take a look at the product-levec with Life Cycle Assessments: Mastering Life Cycle Assessment: Steps, Software, and Impact Analysis.

Data Collection and Analysis for Water Risk Assessment

Effective water risk assessment requires the collection and analysis of relevant data, including:

  • Water usage and withdrawal patterns.
  • Sources of water supply and discharge points.
  • Water quality parameters.
  • Regulatory requirements and compliance status.

Using real-time monitoring systems and predictive modelling can further enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of assessments.

Identifying Potential Water-Related Risks Within Business Operations

Businesses need to assess their operations to identify potential water-related risks, such as:

  • Water Scarcity: Identifying whether a facility operates in a high-water-stress area.
  • Pollution and Contamination: Monitoring industrial discharge and potential pollution sources.
  • Regulatory Non-Compliance: Assessing adherence to water-use permits and environmental standards.
  • Physical Water-Related Hazards: Evaluating vulnerability to floods, droughts, and infrastructure failures.

Mitigating Water-Related Risks

Strategies for Mitigating Water-Related Risks

Mitigating water-related risks requires the implementation of effective strategies, such as:

  • Water Conservation Measures: Reducing water consumption through efficiency improvements.
  • Pollution Prevention Practices: Implementing strict wastewater treatment protocols.
  • Sustainable Water Management Technologies: Using rainwater harvesting and desalination technologies.
  • Alternative Water Sources: Diversifying supply sources to mitigate reliance on a single water source.
  • Contingency Planning: Developing response strategies for potential water supply disruptions.

Also biodiversity loss and water scarcity are interlinked, and this article explains how businesses can invest in ecosystem restoration.

Industries Most Vulnerable to Water Scarcity

  • Agriculture: The largest consumer of freshwater, highly susceptible to droughts and water shortages.
  • Energy Production: Hydroelectric and nuclear plants require significant cooling water.
  • Manufacturing & Industrial Processes: Textiles, chemicals, and food processing industries rely heavily on water - as well as battery production - see below.
  • Technology Sector (Data Centres): Requires cooling water for operations.
  • Apparel Industry: Relies on water-intensive agricultural products like cotton.

 

Case Study: Water Risk Assessment at Tesla Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg

Introduction

The Tesla Gigafactory in Grünheide, Germany, presents a compelling case for understanding water risk assessment. Situated in one of the driest regions of Germany, the factory's water needs and environmental impact have sparked ongoing debate among stakeholders, including environmental groups, regulatory authorities, and local communities. This case study explores the key water risks associated with the facility, the regulatory and compliance landscape, and the potential mitigation strategies. It is based on an assessment done by Thalina Siebert & Frank Vanclay.

Overview of Water Risks

1. High Water Consumption

One of the most pressing concerns is the factory’s projected water usage. Tesla initially estimated annual consumption at approximately 1.8 million cubic meters, equivalent to the needs of a small town of about 30,000 residents. Given the Brandenburg region's existing water stress and declining groundwater levels, this poses a critical sustainability challenge.

2. Regulatory and Environmental Concerns

  • The factory is located within a drinking water protection zone, heightening the risk of contamination and resource depletion.
  • Grünheide's Natura 2000-protected areas and the Löcknitztal nature reserve surround the factory, making it essential to prevent pollution and over-extraction.
  • Tesla’s wastewater is discharged into the Spree River, raising concerns about its impact on Berlin’s drinking water supply.

3. Community and Stakeholder Resistance

  • Local water utilities and environmental organizations have voiced concerns about the factory’s expansion, fearing that increased water extraction could harm local ecosystems and limit water availability for residents.
  • In February 2024, over 65% of Grünheide residents voted against Tesla’s expansion plans, primarily due to water-related concerns.
  • Activists have protested the factory’s water use and deforestation, underscoring the social and reputational risks Tesla faces.

Water Risk Assessment Methodology

To evaluate and mitigate water risks, Tesla and regulatory authorities have employed various assessment frameworks:

1. Site Water Balance and GIS-Based Analysis

Tesla conducted a hydrological study to estimate water supply and demand across operations. However, environmental groups argue that groundwater recharge rates and climate change effects were not sufficiently considered.

2. Risk Indicators and Climate Resilience

  • Tesla has been granted exemptions from multiple environmental regulations, raising questions about the rigor of regulatory enforcement.
  • The facility's dependence on groundwater makes it vulnerable to future droughts and climate-induced water stress.
  • The potential contamination of water sources due to industrial activity remains a concern.

3. Stakeholder Engagement and Compliance

  • Public hearings were held, allowing residents to express concerns, yet many felt their input was ignored.
  • The company has undertaken offset measures, such as planting trees and funding local infrastructure, but critics argue these do not adequately address water security risks.

Mitigation Strategies

Tesla can implement several strategies to mitigate water-related risks and enhance resilience:

1. Alternative Water Sources

  • Rainwater harvesting and closed-loop water recycling systems could reduce dependence on local groundwater.
  • Tesla has proposed using treated wastewater instead of fresh groundwater, but this plan remains under review.

2. Water Efficiency Measures

  • Implementing advanced water treatment technologies within the factory could minimize discharge impacts.
  • Reducing water intensity per vehicle produced through process optimization.

3. Strengthening Regulatory Compliance

  • Establishing independent environmental monitoring to ensure compliance with groundwater extraction limits.
  • Investing in transparent water management reporting to rebuild community trust.

4. Community Engagement

  • Conducting regular public consultations to address local concerns.
  • Developing water stewardship partnerships with local municipalities and conservation groups.

Conclusion

The Tesla Gigafactory in Grünheide serves as a critical case study for balancing industrial growth with environmental sustainability. Its water risks, stemming from high consumption, regulatory challenges, and community opposition, highlight the importance of comprehensive water risk assessments in large-scale manufacturing projects. By adopting sustainable water management practices, Tesla can mitigate its impact, ensure regulatory compliance, and maintain a positive relationship with local stakeholders.

How I Can Help

If your business is looking to better understand and manage water risks, I can provide tailored guidance on conducting water risk assessments, implementing water efficiency measures, and ensuring regulatory compliance. Whether you need support in evaluating supply chain vulnerabilities, adopting innovative water management strategies, or integrating water risk assessment into your sustainability goals, I can help you navigate these challenges.

Get in touch to explore how we can enhance your company's resilience against water-related risks and build a more sustainable future.

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on Water Footprint and Risks

What is a Water Footprint?

A water footprint measures the total volume of freshwater used to produce goods or services, covering both direct consumption (like operational water use) and indirect use (such as water needed in supply chains).

Why is Water Risk Important for Companies?

Water risks can directly impact business operations through supply chain disruptions, rising costs, regulatory penalties, and reputational damage. Addressing water risk ensures business resilience and long-term sustainability.

How Do Companies Assess Their Water Footprint?

Companies can assess their water footprint using industry-standard tools like the Water Footprint Assessment and WRI Aqueduct, which help identify high-risk areas and opportunities for water conservation.

What Actions Can Companies Take to Reduce Their Water Footprint?

Businesses can reduce their water footprint by optimizing industrial processes, investing in water-efficient technologies, implementing recycling systems, and collaborating with suppliers to improve water stewardship across the value chain.

How Do Regulatory Changes Impact Businesses Regarding Water Use?

Governments worldwide are tightening water regulations, requiring businesses to invest in efficient water management strategies, improve wastewater treatment, and report water usage data to comply with evolving policies.

How Can Supply Chain Management Help Mitigate Water Risks?

Companies can mitigate water risks by selecting suppliers with sustainable water practices, encouraging the use of water-efficient technologies, and integrating water risk criteria into procurement and investment decisions.

What Financial Implications Can Arise from Poor Water Risk Management?

Failing to manage water risks can result in increased operational costs, production delays, regulatory fines, and reputational damage. Businesses that proactively address water risk can improve financial performance by reducing liabilities, optimizing resource use, and enhancing brand reputation.

By implementing smart water management strategies and comprehensive risk assessments, companies can strengthen their resilience, achieve sustainability goals, and stay ahead of regulatory and environmental challenges.